Operation Plunder

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15th century Italy witnessed an explosion in art, literature, science, and especially the humanities, known as the Italian Renaissance. Great thinkers like Leonardo Da Vinci and Galileo were supported by a patronage system but detested by the Catholic church.

Sputnik was launched on October 4th, 1957 signaling Soviet dominance in rocket technology and igniting fears of nuclear war. The space race intensified after a very public launch failure by the Americans before the US pulled ahead with Explorer 1, Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and more.

400 women from the Soviet Union became known as the night witches of WWII. These pilots endured frigid temperatures, braved radio- and parachute-less missions, and delivered 23,000 tons of bombs on Nazi frontline positions.

The Geneva Convention was a humanitarian agreement regarding conduct and treatment of wounded, captured, or civilian enemies of war. First signed in 1859 by 12 nations, today the expanded agreement is signed by 190 countries.

The history of the harmonica dates back to an 1100 BC Chinese instrument called a Sheng, until the modern mouth organ debuted in 1820, rapidly spreading across Europe and the US. Beloved by vaudevillians, Hollywood westerns, blues musicians, and more.

Jesse James was raised in a slave-owning, Confederate-sympathizing family and is believed to have channeled his post-Civil War anger into robbing trains, stagecoaches, and banks. He was later assassinated by a new recruit to his gang after a large reward was offered for James’ capture.

In the bloodiest day of the American Civil War, the Battle of Antietam was fought near Sharpsburg, Maryland on September 17th, 1862, when the Union Army faced Confederate offensive into the north.