After the Union’s defeat at Fredericksburg in 1862, morale in the Army of the Potomac was low, worsened by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside’s failed “Mud March.” However, when Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker took command, he revitalized the army. Hooker prioritized food, establishing regular supplies of fresh vegetables and bread. He improved sanitation, significantly reducing disease rates, and reinstated discipline with regular drills and inspections. Desertions decreased following the introduction of a furlough system. These reforms transformed the army from demoralized to disciplined, showcasing Hooker’s administrative prowess during the Civil War’s challenging period.

Roger Williams was an English theologian and founder of the colony of Rhode Island. He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom and separation of church and state. Williams believed in the rights of Native Americans and established fair treaties with them. His ideas greatly influenced the development of American democracy and religious liberty.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a renowned Dutch painter and etcher of the 17th century. He is considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history. Known for his masterful use of light and shadow, Rembrandt’s works often depicted biblical and historical scenes, as well as portraits. His unique style and ability to capture human emotions have made him an influential figure in the art world.

Anne Hutchinson was a prominent figure in early American history, known for her role in the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. She challenged the religious and social norms of the time, advocating for individual interpretation of scripture and the idea that salvation was attainable through faith alone. Despite her influential ideas, Hutchinson faced persecution and was eventually banished from the colony. Her legacy as a champion of religious freedom and women’s rights continues to be celebrated today.

Emiliano Zapata was a Mexican revolutionary leader and agrarian reformer who played a crucial role in the Mexican Revolution. He was born in 1879 in Morelos, Mexico, and became a champion for the rights of peasants and indigenous communities. Zapata’s famous slogan, “Tierra y Libertad” (Land and Liberty), reflected his commitment to land redistribution and social justice. He was assassinated in 1919, but his legacy as a symbol of resistance and equality continues to inspire movements for social change.

John Hancock, born in 1737 Massachusetts, inherited a fortune and became one of New England’s richest men. As a Boston selectman, he opposed British taxes and participated in revolutionary activities, including the Boston Tea Party. He narrowly escaped arrest after Paul Revere’s ride. Elected president of the Continental Congress in 1775, he famously signed the Declaration of Independence.

Francisco Coronado was a Spanish explorer who led an expedition in the 16th century to search for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold in the southwestern United States. Despite not finding the riches he sought, Coronado’s journey resulted in the discovery of the Grand Canyon and other significant landmarks. His exploration played a crucial role in expanding Spanish influence in the New World.