After the Civil War, President Andrew Johnson left reconstruction in the defeated southern states to the states themselves, which resulted in laws known as “black codes” designed to hinder African American progress.

Miranda Rights became a police procedural on June 13th, 1966, when the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision on Miranda v. Arizona, establishing a new law enforcement mandate that all criminal suspects must be advised of their rights before interrogation.

Abraham Lincoln spearheaded the Homestead Act of 1862 to incentivize citizens and settlers to obtain up to 160 acres of land so long as they could prove residency and improvement projects.

Organized and led by abolitionists and women’s rights activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 brought 300 people together to pen their manifesto and inspire change.

The Mohawk Skywalkers were ironworkers from the Six Nations Reserve and Akwesasne tribes in New York State and Canada, who worked in dangerous conditions to build bridges and skyscrapers.

Booker T Washington was born a slave but fled north after the Civil War, where he was educated in the all-black Hampton Institute. Washington went on to principal the Tuskegee Institute, publish five books and deliver powerful speeches on race.

During the 19th century, Americans believed westward expansion was their inevitable and preordained right, or their Manifest Destiny, to inhabit new territories such as Texas, California, and the entire western United States of today.